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Area Mathematics - General concepts and linear algebra / Numbers

IEV ref 102-02-15

en
square root
any real or complex number for which the product by itself is equal to a given real or complex number

Note 1 to entry: Every non-zero real or complex number has two square roots, each being the negative of the other. For a non-negative real number a, the non-negative square root is denoted by a 1/2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiaadggadaahaaWcbe qaaiaaigdacaGGVaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@3C0A@ or a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaakaaabaGaamyyaa qabaaaaa@39C3@ . For a negative real number a, the number a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiabgkHiTiaadggaaa a@3AA0@ is positive and the two square roots are imaginary numbers, conjugate of each others, denoted by j a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaKqzGeGaaiOAaOWaaO aaaeaacqGHsislcaWGHbaaleqaaaaa@3C42@ and j a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaKqzGeGaeyOeI0Iaai OAaOWaaOaaaeaacqGHsislcaWGHbaaleqaaaaa@3D2F@ . For a complex number c=|c| e jφ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiaadogacqGH9aqpda abdaqaaiaadogaaiaawEa7caGLiWoacaGGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaGG QbGaeqy1dygaaaaa@4291@ , the two square roots are |c| e jφ/2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaakaaabaWaaqWaae aacaWGJbaacaGLhWUaayjcSdaaleqaaOGaaiyzamaaCaaaleqabaGa aiOAaiabew9aMjaac+cajug4aiaaikdaaaaaaa@4385@ and |c| e j( φ 2 +π) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaakaaabaWaaqWaae aacaWGJbaacaGLhWUaayjcSdaaleqaaOGaaiyzamaaCaaaleqabaGa aiOAaiaacIcadaWcaaqaaiabew9aMbqaaKqzGdGaaGOmaaaaliabgU caRGWaaKqzGeGae8hWda3ccaGGPaaaaaaa@4785@ .

Note 2 to entry: The concept of square root may be applied to scalar quantities.


fr
racine carrée, f
nombre réel ou complexe dont le produit par lui-même est égal à un nombre réel ou complexe donné

Note 1 à l'article: Tout nombre réel ou complexe non nul a deux racines carrées, qui sont des nombres opposés. Pour un nombre réel non négatif a, la racine carrée non négative est représentée par a 1/2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiaadggadaahaaWcbe qaaiaaigdacaGGVaGaaGOmaaaaaaa@3C0A@ ou a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaakaaabaGaamyyaa qabaaaaa@39C3@ . Pour un nombre réel négatif a, le nombre a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiabgkHiTiaadggaaa a@3AA0@ est positif et les deux racines carrées sont des nombres imaginaires, conjugués l'un de l'autre, notés j a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaKqzGeGaaiOAaOWaaO aaaeaacqGHsislcaWGHbaaleqaaaaa@3C42@ et j a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaKqzGeGaeyOeI0Iaai OAaOWaaOaaaeaacqGHsislcaWGHbaaleqaaaaa@3D2F@ . Pour un nombre complexe c=|c| e jφ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaaiaadogacqGH9aqpda abdaqaaiaadogaaiaawEa7caGLiWoacaGGLbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaGG QbGaeqy1dygaaaaa@4291@ , les deux racines carrées sont |c| e jφ/2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaakaaabaWaaqWaae aacaWGJbaacaGLhWUaayjcSdaaleqaaOGaaiyzamaaCaaaleqabaGa aiOAaiabew9aMjaac+cajug4aiaaikdaaaaaaa@4385@ et |c| e j( φ 2 +π) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqk0di9Wr=fpeei0di9v8qiW7rqqrVepeea0xe9LqFf0xc9q8qqaq Fn0lXdHiVcFbIOFHK8Feea0dXdar=Jb9hs0dXdHuk9fr=xfr=xfrpe WZqaaeaaciWacmGadaGadeaabaGaaqaaaOqaamaakaaabaWaaqWaae aacaWGJbaacaGLhWUaayjcSdaaleqaaOGaaiyzamaaCaaaleqabaGa aiOAaiaacIcadaWcaaqaaiabew9aMbqaaKqzGdGaaGOmaaaaliabgU caRGWaaKqzGeGae8hWda3ccaGGPaaaaaaa@4785@ .

Note 2 à l'article: Le concept de racine carrée peut s'appliquer aux grandeurs scalaires.


de
Quadratwurzel, f

es
raíz cuadrada

ko
제곱근

ja
平方根
二乗根

nl
be vierkantswortel, m

pl
pierwiastek kwadratowy

pt
raiz quadrada

sr
квадратни корен, м јд

sv
kvadratrot

zh
平方根

Publication date: 2008-08
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