temperature field

isothermal surface

temperature gradient

(quantity of) heat

heat conduction

heat convection

free convection

forced convection

thermal radiation

heat transfer

specific heat

latent heat

heat balance

thermal losses

heat input

heat output

stored heat

thermal process

useful heat

recuperative heat

thermal power

electroheat

electric heating

direct electric heating

indirect electric heating

localized electric heating

electric surface heating

thermal insulation

mains frequency (in electroheat)

low frequency (in electroheat)

medium frequency (in electroheat)

high frequency (in electroheat)

microwave frequency (in electroheat)

heating power

rated value

electric through heating

heating-up power

rated stand-by losses (in electroheat)

operating temperature

charge capacity (of an electroheat equipment)

electroheat equipment

electroheat installation

electric heater

electric furnace

electric dryer

charge

chemical vapour deposition

physical vapour deposition process

evaporation

ion implantation

thermal spraying

sputtering

heating

cooling

melting

vacuum melting

refining

fluidization

remelting

heating in salt bath

heat treatment

surface heat treatment

annealing

hardening

hardening by quenching

holding

surface hardening

through hardening

tempering

thermo-chemical treatment

anode

cathode

bottom electrode

heating chamber

vault

lock chamber

chute

launder

refractory lining

heat insulation lining

furnace tilting system

charge feeder

chain conveyor

vibrating conveyor

shaker conveyor

charging basket

charging tray

crystallizer

retort

crucible

ladle

charging tundish

inspection hole

gas generator

inert atmosphere

reducing atmosphere

oxidizing atmosphere

processing atmosphere

controlled atmosphere

nitrogen-based atmosphere

natural atmosphere

synthetic atmosphere

endothermic atmosphere

exothermic atmosphere

generator atmosphere

nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere

characteristic value of an electroheat installation

thermal efficiency

electrothermal efficiency

efficiency of an electroheat installation

electroheat installation productivity

specific energy consumption

furnace heating-up time

charge heating time

melting time

charging time

unloading time

resistance heating

direct resistance heating

indirect resistance heating

direct resistance electroheat installation

indirect resistance electroheat installation

resistance furnace

resistance heater

continuous furnace

discontinuous furnace

batch furnace

electric radiant tube

heating cable

heating resistor

heating element

graphite heating element

silicon carbide heating element

low temperature heating element

medium temperature heating element

high temperature heating element

heating element support

spiral heating element

hair-pin element

rod-type heating element

rotary harrow heating element

tape heating element

heating mat

cold lead

box-type furnace

multi-chamber furnace

horizontal furnace

vertical furnace

pit furnace

pot-type furnace

elevator furnace

bale out furnace

tunnel furnace

drawing furnace

belt conveyor furnace

multi-zone furnace

tubular furnace

grooved hearth furnace

muffle furnace

tilting furnace

bell furnace

chain conveyor furnace

screw conveyor furnace

sloping hearth furnace

shaker hearth furnace

roller hearth furnace

pusher furnace

rotary hearth furnace

rotary drum furnace

walking beam furnace

skid hearth furnace

bogie hearth furnace

bogie furnace

rocking furnace

vacuum furnace

hot wall vacuum furnace

cold wall vacuum furnace

fluidized bed furnace

bath furnace

resistance heated boiler

resistance drier

forced convection furnace

low thermal capacity furnace

cooling chamber

muffle

heating conductor surface load

useful surface (of a heating chamber)

infrared radiation

longwave infrared radiation

mediumwave infrared radiation

shortwave infrared radiation

infrared heating

infrared drying

infrared vacuum drying

infrared space heating

infrared installation

infrared furnace

infrared vacuum furnace

infrared heater

infrared ceramic heater

infrared heating element

infrared lamp radiator

infrared dark emitter

infrared bright emitter

infrared low temperature emitter

infrared medium temperature emitter

infrared high temperature emitter

electric infrared emitter

halogen lamp emitter

infrared spot emitter

tubular infrared emitter

infrared plate emitter

infrared quartz emitter

filament

infrared emitter directing unit

infrared emitter reflector

radiant heating panel

electrode heating

fused salt electrolysis

thermo-electrolysis

thermo-electrolytic refining

liquid heating medium

heating salt

heating salt mixture

metal bath

salt bath

glass making batch

conducting slag

electrode water heating

electroslag remelting

ingot solidification

anode effect

electrode furnace

electrode salt-bath furnace

electrode salt-bath furnace with isolated heating space

electrode salt-bath furnace with unisolated heating space

electrode glass furnace

electrode boiler

electrode shower boiler

electrode steam generator

electrode heater

continuous electrode water heater

heat accumulator

electrolytic furnace

heating electrode

remelted electrode

working electrode

starting electrode (of an electrode salt bath furnace)

counter electrode

electrode holder

electrode stand

electrolytic furnace busbars

working end of an electrode glass furnace

melting end of an electrode glass furnace

crystallizer bottom plate

anode mix

electrode current load

molten salt decomposition voltage

arc heating

direct arc heating

indirect arc heating

submerged arc heating

arc furnace

direct current arc furnace

alternating current arc furnace

direct arc furnace

indirect arc furnace

ladle (heating) furnace

single electrode arc furnace

submerged arc-resistance furnace

vacuum remelting arc furnace

arc furnace installation

submerged arc-resistance furnace installation

arc furnace body

arc furnace lining

arc furnace roof

spray cooled roof

arc furnace shell

conductive hearth

cradle

fume elbow

fume hood

oxygen lance

lance manipulator

oxy-fuel burner

preheater

roof lifting and swinging system

side tapping hole

bottom tapping hole

water cooled panel

water cooled roof

slagging door

tapping bay

tapping spout

tilting system

arc furnace electrode

electrode clamp

electrode arm

electrode mast

coated electrode

continuous electrode

electrode drive

delay time of electrode drive

electrode regulator

electrode nipple

self-baking electrode

starting electrode (of an arc furnace)

water-cooled electrode

electrode speed

arc furnace installation electric line

arc control system

arc furnace installation high-current line

arc furnace transformer

booster transformer

arc furnace emergency switch

arc furnace manoeuvring switch

flexible cable (of an arc furnace)

induction stirrer

arc current

arc power

arc voltage

furnace supply voltage

rating power of an arc furnace transformer

resistance of high current line of an arc furnace

reactance of an arc furnace high-current line

resistance of the arc furnace installation electric line

reactance of the arc furnace installation electric line

operating short-circuit

testing short-circuit

short-circuit impedance of an arc furnace installation

current balancing

arc furnace installation unbalance

arc furnace installation operating unbalance

arc furnace installation structural unbalance

unbalance coefficient

wild phase

dead phase

arc deviation

specific electrode consumption

specific power of an arc furnace installation

flicker

eddy currents

skin effect

proximity effect

induction heating

direct induction heating

indirect induction heating

longitudinal flux induction heating

transverse flux induction heating

surface induction heating

through induction heating

travelling wave heating

induction melting

zone induction melting

induction hardening

contour hardening

dual-frequency induction heating

induction soldering

induction welding

induction tube welding

levitation melting

depth of penetration, <in electroheat>

depth of hardening

bath stirring

electromagnetic stirring of liquid metals

electromagnetic transport of liquid metals

electromagnetic casting of liquid metals

enhancing crystallization of liquid metal in electromagnetic fields

pinch effect

induction furnace

induction channel furnace

two-chamber induction channel furnace

induction crucible furnace

induction holding furnace

induction furnace with cold crucible

push-out induction crucible furnace

lift off coil induction crucible melting furnace

induction melting furnace

induction pouring furnace

two-frequency induction crucible furnace

vacuum induction furnace

induction heater

surface induction heater

through induction heater

ceramic crucible

conducting crucible

non-conducting crucible

inductor

heating inductor

coil insulation

inner inductor

loop inductor

meander inductor

multi-layer inductor

pancake inductor

split inductor

gap inductor

channel inductor

core type inductor

crucible furnace inductor

cooling and protection shield for inductor

coil flux guide

concentrator

cooling system

quench

sprayer

induction heater guide

liquid heel

magnetic frequency multiplier

rotary converter (motor generator set)

thyristor frequency converter

transistor frequency converter

dielectric heating

dielectric loss

(dielectric) loss index

dispersed field heating

selective heating

dielectric drying

dielectric gluing

dielectric plastic welding

dielectric preheating

frequency stability (of a dielectric heating generator)

dielectric heater

dielectric dryer

dielectric plastic welder

dielectric preheater

dielectric heating generator

dielectric gluing press

cavity resonator with additional capacitance

heating capacitor

air gap heating capacitor

work electrode (of a dielectric heater)

plate electrodes

rod electrode

rotating cylinder electrodes

rotating disc electrode

dielectric welding electrode

dielectric cutting edge welding electrode

waveguide filter (in a dielectric heating equipment)

useful high-frequency power

rated useful output power

pulse power

power losses

nominal value

nominal dielectric heating frequency

microwave heating

power penetration depth

power absorption depth

attenuation distance

microwave drying

microwave heating equipment

microwave dryer

microwave grinding

microwave pasteurising

microwave sterilizing

microwave applicator

microwave load

microwave workload

microwave transparency

microwave oven

microwave generator

single mode cavity

multimode cavity

microwave cavity

microwave enclosure

access opening

waveguide (of a microwave heater or oven)

microwave stirrer

reflector

deflector

cavity door

maintenance door

electron beam

electron beam heating

waist

electron beam heating equipment

electron beam furnace

electron beam heater

electron beam micromachine

electron gun

electron gun of axial symmetry

electron gun with plasma emission

external gun

internal gun

multi-beam electron gun

ring-shaped electron gun

thermionic emission gun

transverse electron gun

diode gun

triode gun

separate anode (of an electron gun)

structural anode (of an electron gun)

cold cathode (of an electron gun)

hot cathode (of an electron gun)

control electrode

aperture diaphragm

electron beam deflection system

electron beam scanning system

focusing system

optical viewing system

beam accelerating voltage

electron penetration depth

perveance

plasma

plasma heating

plasma generator

plasma stabilization

cold plasma

high temperature plasma

thermal plasma

low pressure plasma

high pressure plasma

arc plasma

plasma arc

inductive plasma

microwave plasma

plasma gas

ignition of a plasma torch

high-frequency ignition device (of a plasma torch)

short-circuit ignition device (of a plasma torch)

plasma jet

pilot arc

plasma melting

plasma cutting

plasma jet gouging

plasma welding

plasma spraying

plasma furnace

plasma-fuel furnace

plasma reactor

plasma heater

plasma torch

arc plasma torch

non-transferred arc plasma torch

transferred arc plasma torch

convertible arc plasma torch

laminar jet plasma torch

turbulent jet plasma torch

non-electrode plasma torch

microwave plasma torch

induction plasma torch

plasma fuel burner

nozzle (of a plasma torch)

anode (of a non-transferred or transferred arc plasma torch)

cathode (of a non transferred or transferred arc plasma torch)

hollow cathode

plasma average enthalpy

plasma temperature

plasma average temperature

laser heating

active medium

beam of radiation

laser radiation

single modal laser beam

multi-modal laser beam

spontaneous emission

stimulated emission

lasing

normal pulse

giant pulse

pumping

monochromaticity of radiation beam

coherence of laser beam

divergence of laser beam

laser equipment

laser installation

laser heater

laser machine

laser drilling machine

laser cutting-off machine

continuous duty laser

pulsed laser

laser resonator

ultrasonic heating

ultrasonic wave

ultrasonic welding

ultrasonic equipment

ultrasonic installation

energy concentrator

magnetostrictive converter

sonotrode

ultrasonic converter

ultrasonic generator

ultrasonic transformer

ultrasonic transmitter

ultrasound intensity

abnormal glow-discharge

corona discharge

glow-discharge

electric spark

glow-discharge heating

glow-discharge nitriding

heating in constant voltage plasma

heating in pulsating plasma

plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition treatment

plasma assisted physical vapour deposition treatment

plasma diffusive treatment

plasma polymerization

physical vapour deposition treatment

reactive magnetron sputtering

glow discharge furnace

glow discharge installation